剑5 第一套Passage 1第二段compile v.编辑，编纂write • compile • composeconcentrate v.集中，关注pay attention • concentrate • concentration • keep your mind on • keep your eyes on • take notice/note • attentive • attention spanconvey v.传达，传递express • convey • communicate • say • get something over • put something into words/find the words to say第三段define v.定义……meaning • sense • significance • definition • connotation • definecircumscribe v.限制，约束To limit power, rights, or abilities [= restrict]:conquer v.征服defeat • overwhelm • annihilate • rout • bring somebody to their knees • conquerhold back • stifle • suppress • overcome/conquer第五段station v.驻扎，静坐send • pack off • dispatch/despatch • send in • send out • be posted • be stationed第六段file v.把文件或资料归档keep • store • keep something on file • file • keep a record/keep recordsrival v.对抗，与……抗衡competitor • rival • the competition第八段ascertain v.确定check • check out • make sure/make certain • double-check • verify • confirm • ascertainPassage 2 第一段obey v.遵守，遵从obey • comply with • abide by • keep to • stick to the rules • conform to • observe • respect • toe the line • go by the book/do something by the book第二段administer v.控制，施加To manage the work or money of a company or organizationsimulate v.模拟To make or produce something that is not real but has the appearance or feeling of beingrealemit v.释放出，发出……的声音send out • give out • give off • emit • radiate • cast/throwmake a sound/make a noise • go • with • go off • emit • let outwrithe v.因剧痛而蠕动，扭动身体fidget • can't keep still • squirm • wriggle • writhe • twitchdenounce v.谴责，指责voice/express/show etc your disapproval • condemn • denounce • deplore第三段unfold v.展开open • unwrap • unfold • unrollpose v.带来，提出askbalk v.畏缩不前，犹豫To not want to do or try something, because it seems difficult, unpleasant, or frighteningquestion v.质疑question • interrogate • cross-examine • carry out door-to-door inquiries • be helping police with their inquiries第四段anticipate v.预测expect • think • anticipate第五段fluster v.使不安，使紧张，使困惑To make someone nervous and confused by making them hurry or interrupting them:第六段discharge v.放电，释放If a piece of electrical equipment discharges, or if it is discharged, it sends out electricityevolve v.演变，进化develop • evolve第七段evoke v.引发，引起remind somebody of • make somebody think of • bring/call to mind • be a reminder • bring back memories/take somebody back • evoke • evocative • come flooding back第八段merge v.合并，混合combine • be a mixture of something and something • bring together • blend • mingle • mergeunite • team up • get together • combine • join forces • come together • amalgamate • mergesurrender v.投降，放弃admit/accept defeat • give in • surrender • concede第九段forgo v.放弃do without/go without • deny yourself • abstain • forgodictate v.听写，控制，指挥tell • order • ask somebody to do something • demand • insist • dictateelucidate v.阐明，说明，解释To explain something that is difficult to understand by providing more informationPassage 3第二段starve v.使……挨饿starving • starve • hungry • not get enough to eat • half-starved • underfed • malnourishedexaggerate v.夸大,夸张exaggerate • blow something (up) out of all proportion • make too much of • overrated • overemphasize • overstate • be melodramatic • lay it onassociate v.与……相连link • associate • make a connection • establish a linkbe connected/be related • be linked • associated • have/be something to do with • be bound up with something/go hand in handcure v.治愈cure • remedy • antidoterestrict v.限制，约束limit • restrict • set/impose/put a limit • keep to/keep within • confine • fixaccelerate v.加速，加快go faster • speed up • pick up/gather speed • accelerate • quicken your pace • gain/gather momentum第三段nurture v.培育，形成nurture • fosterdecline v.下降go down/come down • fall/drop • decrease • decline • reduction • cut • plummet/plunge • taper off • dwindle • slide • take a nosedive第五段overstate v.夸大exaggerate • blow something (up) out of all proportion • make too much of • overrated • overemphasize • overstate • be melodramatic • lay it on第六段apply v.适用，应用apply • claim • request • approach • put in for • applicant • claimantoppose v.反对be against/be opposed to • oppose • not agree with something • not believe in something • anti- • hostile • antagonistic第七段melt v.融化melt • dissolve • thaw • melt down • molten • condense • solublediminish v.消失，减少To become or make something become smaller or less [= reduce]:第十段experience v.经历happen to • experience • go through • live through • knowpostpone v.推延，延迟postpone • put off • delay • be pushed/moved/put back • put something on ice/put something on the back burner • procrastinate第十一段buy v.买，争取（时间）buy • get • purchase • snap up • pick up • splash out on • acquireavoid v.避免avoid • stay away/keep away • steer clear of • make a detour剑5 第二套Passage 1第一段patent v.申请专利To obtain a special document giving you the right to make or sell a new invention or product第二段mould v.铸造，塑造form • mould • shapeengineer v.设计，加工orchestrate • stage-manage • engineer • contriverevert v.返回start again • go back to/revert to • slip back into第四段abandon v.放弃，抛弃give up • quit • abandon • drop • leave it at thatamass v.累计，积累accumulate • amass • gainmanufacture v.制造make • produce • manufacture • mass-produce • churn out/turn out • create • fashion • build • construct • assemble第五段outline v.列举outline • sketch out第六段govern v.受……限制govern • run • rule • be in power • be in government • hold officeextract v.抽取，提取find out • get something out of • get information • extract • worm something out of • drag something out oftaper v.逐渐变细，变尖get/grow thinner get narrower • taper第七段relish v.欣赏，品味revel in • get a kick out of • relish • gloat • wallow in • take pleasure in • delight indespise v.鄙视，轻视hate • hate somebody's guts • can't stand • detest • loathe • despise • abhorPassage 2第一段tempt v.引发attract • tempt • seducedub v. 称作call • christen • dub第二段rely v.依靠，依赖To trust or depend on someone or something to do what you need or expect them to do [ reliable, reliance]:puncture v. 戳破，化解make a hole in • pierce • puncture • punch • drill a hole第五段trigger v. 引发，触发set off • trigger/spark • precipitateamuse v. 使愉快，开心make somebody laugh • crack somebody up • raise a laugh • have somebody in hysterics/stitches • amuse第七段track v. 追踪follow • tail • be/sit on somebody's tail • shadow • track/trail • hound • stalk • stalkeraccompany v. 伴随with • together • along with • come with • accompanying第八段tuck v. 隐藏，蜷缩put • slide • tuck • insert第十段milk v. 挤奶，猎取To take milk from a cow or goat第十一段distort v. 扭曲，歪曲twist • misrepresent • distort • falsify • put words into somebody's mouth • cook the books • rewrite historyPassage 3第一段dominate v.统治，在……中拥有重要的位置dominate • monopolize • monopoly • stranglehold • have total/complete control • hold sway第二段renew v.重新开始，使复活，使更新continue • start again • go on • go back to/return to • resume • take something up again • pick up/take up where you left off • reopen • renew第三段adopt v.接受，采纳adopt • foster • guardian • in carepublicize v.出版advertise • promote • publicize • market • hype/hype up • plug • sell • push • announce • reportpromote v.促进，加强help • encourage • promote • aid • benefit • advance/further • be conducive to • give something a boost • be favourable for/to第六段exploit v.探索use • exploit • make use of • take advantage of • play on • capitalize ondeposit v.储存，堆积，放置，存放put • place • leave • abandon • position • plant a bomb/explosives etc • plant • lay • set down • depositseal v.盖戳block up • plug/plug up • sealrestrict v.限制limit • restrict • set/impose/put a limit • keep to/keep within • confine • fix第七段delay v.拖延，延迟delay • hold-up/holdup • bottleneck第八段engage v.参与，参加To be doing or to become involved in an activityfoster v.促进，加强promote第九段inaugurate v.创立To open a building or start an organization, event etc for the first time:第十段estimate v.估计guess • estimate • guesswork • speculation • speculative • conjectureoppose v.反对，抵制be against/be opposed to • oppose • not agree with something • not believe in something • anti- • hostile • antagonisticinstitute v.建立To introduce or start a system, rule, legal process etc剑5 第三套Passage 1A段argue v.争辩，坚决主张，认为argue • quarrel • fight • have a fight • fall out with • be at each other's throats • clashB段claim v.宣称，表示claim • maintain • assert • confirm • testify • swear • certify • insist • protest • denyexpand v.扩充，扩展get bigger • grow • expand • swell up • stretchC段acknowledge v.认可，承认accept • recognize • acknowledgeobserve v.注意到，观察到notice • can see/can tell • I see • spot • become aware/conscious • catch somebody's eye • detect • note • observe • perceivelaunch v.发起，进行start • begin • get down to • start on • set about/set to work • proceed to do something • settle down to • launch into • embark on/upon • come to/grow to/get to • get crackinginvolve v.包括，涵盖，使……参与进来involve • drag somebody into • bring inD段bypass v.绕过……To go around a town or other busy place rather than through it:foster v.促进promoteE段evaluate v.评估，评价judge • assess • evaluate • critiquesolve v.解决solve • work out/figure outF段perpetuate v.延续，保持continue/carry on • maintain • perpetuate • keep up • preserveoutline v.罗列，列举summary • outline • overview • rundown • precis • synopsisindicate v.表明，暗示point • indicate • gesture at/towards • point outPassage 2A段erode v.腐蚀，侵蚀wear away • erode • corrode • rust/rust awayscour v.用力擦洗，冲刷brush • scrub • sweep • scourB段deposit v.沉积，堆积put in • depositaccumulate v.累计，聚集accumulate • build up • pile up • mount up • collect • gatherC段indicate v.表明，暗示point • indicate • gesture at/towards • point outreplenish v.补充，添加refill • replenish • top upD段divert v.转移，使转向not draw attention • draw attention away from • divert/distract attention • put somebody off • keep a low profileE段rest v.休息，存留在rest • take a rest • relax • take a break • lie down • put your feet up • laze • take it easy • chill/chill outconcur v.同意，赞同agree • be in agreement • be of the same opinion • share the view that • subscribe to • concuraffect v.影响have an effect • have an impact • affect • take effect • make a difference • impactstimulate v.刺激，激发To encourage or help an activity to begin or develop furtherupset v.使……不安upset • hurt • hurt somebody's feelings • distressF段devise v.设计，制定出invent • create • come up with/think up • devise • make up • conceive • dream up • coinPassage 3引子perform v.表演，执行perform • appear • be in somethingA段vanish v.消失，突然不见disappear • vanish • become extinct • extinction • die out • cease to existignite v.点燃，引发set fire to something/set something on fire • light • torch • igniteB段launch v.建立，发布start • launch • open • initiate • spark off • set in motion • get/start/set the ball rolling • get things moving • (let's) get this show on the roadcoin v.创造invent • create • come up with/think up • devise • make up • conceive • dream up • coinencompass v.包含，涵盖cover • encompass • embrace • spancapture v.捕捉，占领，再现capture • round up • take somebody prisoner • recapturemimic v.模仿imitate • do an impression/imitation • mimic • a take-off of somebody/somethingC段peak v.达到全盛To reach the highest point or level:rear v.培养，养育，培育To look after a person or animal until they are fully grown [= raise]:imply v.暗示suggest • imply • say • implication • undertonesolve v.解决solve • find/come up with a solution • resolve • put right • cure • remedy • sort out • sort • iron outmaterialize v.变为现实happen • come true • be realized • be fulfilled • materializeopt v.选择decide on • settle on • plump for • optalign v.与……同列，与……结盟To publicly support a political group, country, or person that you agree withD段Characterize v. 描绘，描述……的特征Describe something/somebody as • characterize somebody/something as • label • portray/represent • depict • paint a picturjoke v.开玩笑make a joke/crack a joke • tell a joke • joke • wisecrackimplement v.实施carry out • execute • implement • put something into practice • deliver the goods/come up with the goodsE段back v.支持To support someone or something, especially by giving them money or using your influencereckon v.认为think • believe • feel • figure • reckon • consider • regard/see • think of somebody/something as/look on somebody/something as • take the view that/be of the opinion that • be recognized/acknowledged asspot v.发现notice • can see/can tell • I see • spot • become aware/conscious • catch somebody's eye • detect • note • observe • perceivecamouflage v.伪装disguise • camouflageextract v.提取，抽取find out • get something out of • get information • extract • worm something out of • drag something out ofF段boost v.促进，加强help • encourage • promote • aid • benefit • advance/further • be conducive to • give something a boost • be favourable for/tdifferentiate v.区别开can tell the difference • can tell somebody/something apart • distinguish • differentiate • draw/make a distinction • discriminateexacerbate v.恶化make things worse/make it worse • to make matters/things worse • aggravate • exacerbate • compound • to add insult to injuryfilter v.过滤To remove unwanted substances from water, air etc by passing it through a special substance or piece of equipment:categorize v.将……分类sort • categorize • classify • be grouped • class • gradeemerge v.开始出现appear • become visible • come into view/come into sight • come out • emerge • loom/loom up • reappearG段Lip- read v. 观察人的嘴唇动作来理解话意To understand what someone is saying by watching the way their lips move, because you cannot hear themencapsulate v.涵盖，概括To express or show something in a short way [= sum up]transcribe v.记录，用音标记下……的语音copy • copy out • copy down • transcribe剑5 第四套Passage 1A段promote v. 促进, 发扬，提拔help • encourage • promote • aid • benefit • advance/further • be conducive to • give something a boost • be favourable for/toboom v. 发出）轰轰声boom/boom out • roar • thunder • blare/blare out • blast/blast outisolate v. 隔离, 孤立, 绝缘separate • keep somebody apart • isolate • cut somebody off from • segregate • segregation • apartheid • in quarantineprevail v. 流行, 盛行, 获胜win • come out on top • prevail • carry the day • win the dayB段undermine v. 破坏spoil • ruin • mess up • undermine • screw up • sabotage • throw a spanner in the works • pour cold water onassociate v. 联系, 交往link • associate • make a connection • establish a linkbe connected/be related • be linked • associated • have/be something to do with • be bound up with something/go hand in handfuel v. 加燃料increase • strengthen • heighten • add to • raise • fuelC段ensure v. 保证，确保make sure/make certain • insure/ensure • see that/see to it thatexploit v. 开拓, 开发use • take advantage of • exploit • manipulate • can wrap/wind somebody around your little fingerintegrate v. 成整体，结合If two or more things integrate, or if you integrate them, they combine or work together in a way that makes something more effectivedemonstrate v. 示范, 证明prove • show • demonstrate • confirm • support • back up • bear out • substantiate • validate • corroboratepenetrate v. 穿透, 渗透, 刺入enter • penetrate • seep in • permeaterepatriate v. 遣返expel • deport • extradite • repatriate • exile/send into exile • banishPassage 2第一段analyze v. 分析, 分解examine • look carefully/closely • take/have a look at • analyze • study • check • check over • inspect • go through/go over • look over • scrutinize第二段insist v.坚持, 强调To keep doing something, especially something that is inconvenient or annoying:第三段disagree v. 不一致, 不赞同disagree • not agree • not see eye to eye • take issue with • differ • agree to disagree • dissentconsult v.商量, 咨询ask somebody's advice • seek advice • get/obtain advice • consult第四段shelter v. 掩蔽,，躲避shelter • give somebody shelter/refuge • asylum第五段solidify v. 凝固，巩固harden • solidify • set • freeze • stiffenexert v. 尽(力), 施加(压力等)To work very hard and use a lot of physical or mental energy:overcome v. 战胜, 克服hold back • stifle • suppress • overcome/conquer第六段create v. 创造, 产生invent • create • come up with/think up • devise • make up • conceive • dream up • coincontain v. 包含, 容纳, 容忍include • contain • among • range from something to第八段expand v.膨胀，扩张，发展get bigger • grow • expand • swell up • stretchelapse v.(时间)过去, 消逝pass/go by • elapse • the passage/passing of time第十段scan v. 扫描，浏览,skim • scan • have a look atcomplete v.完成finish • have done something • complete • get something finished • be through • concludePassage 3第一段assist v. 援助, 帮助help • give/lend a hand • assist • do something for • do somebody a favour • help out • do somebody a good turn • do your bit • come to somebody's aid/assistance • give help/assistance/support第二段occur v. 发生, 出现happen • take place • there is • be • occur • come about • crop up • come up • be coming up • turn up • arise • strikefluctuate v. 变动, 波动keep changing • vary • fluctuate • be in flux/be in a state of fluxexceed v.超越, 胜过be more than • exceed • outnumber • be up • passimpact v. 碰撞, 冲击，影响have an effect • have an impact • affect • take effect • make a difference • impactincrease v. 增加, 增大increase • step up • expand • broaden • extend • intensifydiffer v.不一致, 不同different • not like • not the same • vary • differ • contrast with • be a departure from • diverse第三段evolve v. 发展，进展，进化develop • evolvereserve v. 储备, 保存reserve/book • reservation • bookingassure v. 断然地说, 确告, 保证promise • assure • give somebody your word • swear • vow • guarantee • commit to • pledge第四段maximize v. 最大值, 最佳化increase • raise • put up • jack up • push up/drive up/force up • boost • double/triple/quadruple • maximizeripen v. 成熟To become ripe or to make something ripe第五段delay v.耽搁, 延迟delay • hold up • set back • get bogged downremain v. 保持, 逗留, 剩余left • be left over • remain • survive • be still standing/be left standing • to spare • to goescape v. 逃脱, 避开escape • get out • run away/run off • bolt • run for it/make a run for it • flee • make yourescape • take to your heels • break free/break away • bail out第六段convert v. 转变, 转换adapt • modify • convert • customize第七段divide v.划分, 分开, 隔开separate • divide • split • break up • break down • take apart • dismantle • take something to piecesprevent v.防止, 预防prevent • stop • keep somebody from doing something • restrain • hold back • get in the way of • discourage • avoid • avert • head off • guard againstsurvive v.幸免, 幸存survive • survivor • come through • get through