6 管道支吊架 Pipe Supports and Hangers 6.1 管架零部件 Attachment of Support 管托 shoe 管卡 clamp U形夹(卡) clevis 锻制U形夹 forged steel clevis 支耳;吊耳 lug; ear 耳轴 trunnion 止动挡块 shear lug 托座 stool 托架 cradle 带状卡 strap clamp 夹板,导向板 cleat 可调夹板 adjustable cleat 角板;连接板 gusset 筋;肋 rib 支承环 ring 加强板 stiffiener 底板 base plate 顶板 top plate 翅片式导向板 fin 预埋件 embedded part; inserted plate 垫板(安装垫平用) shim 锚固件;生根件 clip 预焊件(设备上) clip (on equipment) 聚四氟乙烯滑动板 PTFE sliding plate 连接板 tie plate 连接杆 tie rod 限制杆 limit rod 带环头拉杆 eye rod 连接杆 connecting rod 杠杆 lever 支撑杆 strut 定位块 preset pieces 间隔管(片、块) spacer 滑动吊板(吊架顶部用) sliding traveler(for hanger) 滑轮组 tackle-block 钢索,电缆 cable 木块 wood block 鞍座 saddle 裙座 skirt 软管卷盘(简) hose reel 管部附着件 pipe attachment 6.2 管支架型式 Type of Pipe Support 支承架 resting support 滑动架 sliding support 固定架 anchor 导向架 guide 限制性支架;约束 restraint 限位架 stop 限位器 stopper 定值限位架 limit stop 二维限位架 two-axis stop 往复定值限位架 double-acting limit stop 定向限位架 directional stop 吊架 hanger 弹簧架 spring support 弹簧托架 resting type spring support 弹簧吊架 spring hanger 恒力吊架 constant hanger 重锤式吊架 counter weight hanger 弹簧恒力吊架 spring constant hanger 弹簧恒力托架 resting type spring constant support 滚动支架 rolling support 弹簧支撑架 spring bracing 减振器 snubber 液压减振器 hydraulic snubber 减振装置 damping device 缓冲简(器) dash pot 刚性吊架 rigid hanger 6.3 标准及通用型支架 标准管架 standard pipe support 通用管架 typical pipe support 悬臂架 cantilever support 三角架 triangular support’ 支腿 leg Ⅱ形管架 Ⅱ-type support L形管架 L-type support 柱式管架 pole type support 墙架 support on wall 可调支架 adjustable support 管墩,低管架 sleeper 特殊管架 special support 管道支吊架图 piping support drawing 6.4 管架安装 背至背 back to back 钻孔 drill 长孔 slot; slot hole 放气孔;通气孔 vent hole 灌浆;水泥砂浆填平 grouting 组装;装配 assembly 攻螺孔 tapped; tapping 自由滑动 free to slide 跨度 span 对中心;找正 alignment 切割使适合 cut to suit 修饰使适合 trim to suit 伸出长度(指预埋螺栓) extrusion 7 应力计算 热应力分析 thermal stress analysis 管道柔性分析 piping flexibility analysis 荷载工况 load case 力 force 反力 reaction 力矩 moment 弯曲力矩 bending moment 扭矩 torque 外载 externally applied load 荷载 load 冷态荷载 cold load 工作荷载 working load 外力 external force 内力 internal force 力偶 couple of force 管系 piping system 位移 displacement 附加位移 appendant displacement; externally imposed displacement 角位移 angular rotation 冷拉 cold spring 自拉 self spring 方向 direction 元件 member 节点 node 节点号 node number 自由 free 固定点 fix point; anchor point 刚性的 rigid 柔性 flexibility 塑性 plasticity 热循环 thermal cycle 剧烈循环条件 severe cyclic condition 应力 stress 弯曲应力 bending stress 扭转应力 torsional stress 轴向应力 axial stress 剪切应力 shear stress 拉应力 tension stress 压应力 compression stress 一次应力 primary stress 二次应力 secondary stress 位移(热胀)应力范围 displacement (thermal expansion) stress range 许用应力范围 allowable stress range 位移应力 displacement stress 柔性应力 flexibility stress 内压应力 internal pressure stress 外压应力 external pressure stress 纵向应力 longitudinal stress 许用应力 allowable stress 主应力 principal stress 圆周应力 circumferential stress; hoop stress 峰值应力 peak stress 脉动应力 pulsating stress 交变应力 alternating stress 残余应力 residual stress 热应力 thermal stress 遛转半径 radius of gyration 泊松比;横向变形系数 Poisson ratio 弹性模量 modulus ofelasticity 惯性矩 moment of inertia 极惯性矩 polar moment of inertia 断面系数 section modulus 应力集中系数 coefficient of stress concentration 应力范围减小系数 stress range reduction factur 应力增大系数 stress intensification factor 面内 in-plane 面外 out-plane 柔性系数 flexibility factor 柔度特性 flexibility characteristic 弹簧系数 spring constant 热膨胀系数 thermal expansion coefficient 安全系数 safety factor 应变;变形 strain; deformation 应变能 strain energy 挠度;弯度 deflection 地震 earthquake 耐震等级 seismic class 临时荷载 temporary load 地震荷载 seismic load; earthquake load 地震系数 seismic coemcient; seismic factor 冲击荷载 shock load 超载 superimposed load; excess load 集中质量 lumped mass 推力 thrust 设计震度 design scismic coefficient 设计响应谱 design response spectrum 谱分析 spectrum analysis 动态分析 dynamic analysis 谐振分析 harmonic analysis 固有振动型式 natural frequency mode 阻尼振动 damped vibration 机械振动 mechanical vibration 音响振动 acoustic vibration 自由振动 free vibration 共振 resonance 湍振 surging 脉动 pulsation 激振;激发 excitation 衰减系数 decay factor; decay coefficient; attenuation constant 固有频率 natural frequency 周期 period 波谷 wave trough 波峰 wave crest 振幅;波幅 amplitude 水锤 water hammer 8 隔热、隔声 玻璃棉 glass woo1 岩棉 rock wool 聚氨酯;聚氨基甲酸酯 polyurethane 泡沫玻璃 foam glass; cellular glass 沥青 asphalt 油毛毡 asphalt felt 镀锌铁丝 galvanized wire 镀锌铁丝网 galvanized wire mesh 石棉板 asbestos board 石棉布 asbastos cloth 石棉织品 asbestos fabric 管壳 shell 棉毡 blanket 硅酸钙 calcium silicate 硅酸铝纤维 aluminosilicate fiber 珍珠岩 perlite 泡沫混凝土 foamed concrete; cellular concrete 蛭石 vermiculite 矿(渣)棉 mineral wool 保温块 insulation block 硅藻土 kieselguhr; diatomite; diatomaceous earth 碳酸镁 magnesium carbonate 软木 cork wood 泡沫聚苯乙烯 cellular polystyrene; foam polystyrene 硬泡沫橡胶 rigid foam rubber 填颖材料 caulking material 玛帝脂保护层 mastic weatherproof coating 水泥抹面 finishing cement 金属保护层 clad; metal jacketing; cladding metal 玻璃布 glass (fiber) cloth 镀锌铁皮 galvanized (sheet) iron; galvanized plain sheet 铝板 alaminium sheet 油毛毡;沥青毡 asphalt felt 发毡 hair felt 发泡 foaming 导热系数 thermal conductivity factor 隔热;融热层 insulation 保温 hot insulation 保冷 cold insulation 人身保护 personal protection 隔声 sound insulation 防结露 anti-sweat 防冻 winterizing 线规 wire gage 伯明翰线规 Birmingham wire gage (BWG) 美国线规 American wire gage (AWG) 支承环 support ring 环箍 circumferential band 钢环 steel ring 吸声 sound-absorbing 分贝 Decibel 声源 sound source 声强 sound intensity 声压值 sound pressure level 噪声值 noise level; sound level 9 防腐、涂漆及腐蚀种类 防腐漆 anti-corrosive paint; rush-proof paint 涂漆 painting 涂层;覆盖层 coating 底漆 primary coat; bottom coat 面漆 finishing coat 清漆 varnish 瓷漆 enamel 防锈漆 antirust paint 醇酸瓷漆 alkyd enamel 酚醛漆 phenolic paint 沥青漆 bituminous paint 聚氨酯漆 polyurethane paint 有机硅漆 organic silicon paint 漆酚树脂漆 urushiol resin paint 环氧树脂漆 epoxy resin paint 过氯乙烯漆 ethylene perchloride paint 无机富锌漆 inorganic zinc-rich paint 耐酸漆 acid-proof paint 耐碱漆 alkali-proof paint 耐热漆 heat-proof paint 测温漆 thermo-paint 颜色 colour (color) 淡(浅)色的;轻的 light 深色的 dark 红色的 red 蓝色的 blue 黄色的 yellow 绿色的 green 紫色的 purple 棕色的;褐色的 brown 橙色的 orange colour 灰色的 grey (gray) 表面处理 surface preparation 阴极保护 cathodic protection 耐蚀性 corrosion resistance 腐蚀 corrosion 点蚀 pitting 缝隙腐蚀 crevice corrosion 晶间腐蚀 intergranular corrosion 电化腐蚀 electro corrosion 接触腐蚀 contact corrosion 气蚀 cavitation erosion 应力腐蚀 stress corrosion 气相腐蚀 gaseous corrosion 氢脆 hydrogen embrittlement 10 焊接 Welding 10.1 焊接种类 Varieties of Welding 电弧焊 arc welding 电熔焊 electric fusion welding (EFW) 气熔焊 fusion gas welding (FGW) 电阻焊 electric resistance welding (ERW) 有保护的金属电弧焊 shielded metal arc welding (SMAW) 手工或自动隋性气体保护钨极电弧焊 manual and automatic inert gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) 自动埋弧焊 automatic submerged arc welding 金属极隋性气体保护电弧焊 gas metal arc weiding (GMAW) 氩弧焊 argon-arc welding, 气体保护电弧焊 gas-shielded arc welding 气焊 gas welding; flame welding 等离子焊 plasma welding 硬钎焊 braze welding 电渣焊 electroslag welding 爆炸焊 explosive welding 10.2 焊接形式 Type of Welding 角焊 fillet welding 间断焊 intermittent welding 点焊 spot welding 对焊 butt welding 搭焊 lap welding 塞焊 plug welding 珠焊 bead welding 槽焊 slot welding 堆焊 build up welding 垫板焊 backing weld 坡口 groove V形坡口 V groove 单面U形坡口 single U groove K形坡口 double bevel groove X形坡口 double V groove 双面U形坡口 double U groove U-V组合坡口 combination U and V groove 根部间隙 root gap 焊接符号 symbol of weld 错边量 alignment tolerance 10.3 焊接位置 Welding Position 仰焊 overhead welding 现场焊 field weld (F.W.) 封底焊 back run welding 立焊 vertical welding 平焊 flat welding 工厂(车间)焊接 shop weld 定位焊 tack weld 跳焊 skip welding 节距 pitch 10.4 焊接缺陷 Defects of Welding 焊接裂纹 weld crack 根部裂纹 root crack 微裂纹 micro crack 错位 mismatch 弧坑 pit; crater 焊穿 burn through 夹渣 slag inclusion 咬边;咬肉 undercut 焊瘤 overlap 气孔 porosity, blow hole 砂眼 blister 针孔 pin hole 严重飞溅 excessive spatter 未溶合 incomplete fusion; lack of fusion 根部未焊透 incomplete penetration 10.5 其它 母材;基层金属 base metal 预热 preheating 热影响区 heat affected zone (HAZ) 焊条 welding electrode (rod) 焊丝 welding wire 焊药(剂) flux 11 热处理 Heat Treatment 11.1 普通热处理 Conventional Heat Treatment 退火 annealing 局部退火 spot annealing 中间退火 process annealing 球化退火 spheroids annealing 等温退火 isothermal annealing 极软退火 dead-soft annealing 回水 tempering 正火 normalizing 淬火 quenching 水淬火 water quenching 油淬火 oil quenching 等温淬火 isothermal quenching 断续淬火 slack quenching 高温淬火 hot quenching 水冷淬火 cold quenching 调质 quenching and tempering 消除应力 stress relief 时效处理 ageing treatment 可淬性 hardenability 过热敏感性 superheated susceptivity 回火脆性 temper brittleness 11.2 表面热处理 Surface Heat Treatment 火焰表面淬火 flame surface quenching 感应(高频)硬化 induction hardening 渗碳 carbonization 渗氮 nitridation 渗铬 chromizing 渗铝 aluminizing 12 检验及试验 12.1 检验 Inspection 焊接检验 welding inspection 无损检验 non-destructive testing (NDT) 肉眼检验;外观检验 visual inspection 着色渗透检验 dye penetrant inspection 液体渗透检验 liquid penetrant test (PT) X射线照相 X-ray radiography γ射线照相 gamma radiography 射线检验 radiographic test (RT) 涡流探伤 eddy current test (ET) 超声波探伤 ultrasonic test (UT) 磁粉探伤 magnetic particle test (MT) 荧光渗透检验 fluorescent penetrant inspection 12.2 试验 Test 压力试验 pressure test 水压试验 hydraulic test 气压试验 pneumatic test 气密试验 air tightness test 泄漏试验 leak test 卤气泄漏试验 halogen gas leak test 盛水试验 full water test 真空试验 vacuum test 拉伸试验 tension test 弯曲试验 bending test 冲击试验 impact test 硬度试验 hardness test 疲劳试验 fatigue test 压扁试验 flattening test 扩口试验 flaring test 金相试验 microscopic test 腐蚀试验 corrosion test 焊接工艺评定试验 welding procedure qualification test 13 设计阶段及管理 分析设计阶段 analytical engineering phase 初步阶段 preliminary stage 规划布置阶段 planning stage (phase) 成品设计阶段 production design phase 详细设计 detail design 基础设计 basic design 工作程序 working procedure 界区条件 battery limit condition 开工会议 kick-off meeting; launching meeting 项目审核会 proiect review meeting 项目进展情况报告 proiect status report (PSR) 厂商协调会 vendor coordinative meeting (VCM) 用户变更通知 client change notice (CCN) 先期确认 advanced certified final (ACF) 最终确认 certified final (CF) 设计基础数据 basic engineering design data 数据表 data sheet 设计文件 design document 设计注释 design note 工程规定 engineering specification 设计规定汇总表 design specification summary sheet (DSSS) 资料;文件 documentation 附件 appendix 技术说明 technical specification 索引;目录 index 工程手册;设计手册 engineering manual 计算书 calculation sheet 批准用于规划布置 approved for planning (AFP) 批准用于设计 approved for design (AFD) 批准用于施工 approved for construction (AFC) 详细设计版 detail design issue (DDI) 参考、基准 reference 标准 standard (STD) 标准图 standard drawing 图 figure; drawing 草图 sketch 参考图 reference drawing 工程图 engineering drawing 竣工图 as built drawing 说明 description 待定 hold 版次 issue 修改 revision (REV) 审核提纲 check list 审定 approval 校核 check 制图 drawn 标题栏 title block 项目号 job No. 图号 drawing number (DWG No.) 会签 inter department check 工时 man-hour (M/H) 工日 man-day (M/D) 人月 man-month (M/M) 项目 project 项目经理 project manager 设计经理 design manager 状态报告 status report 安装 erection; installation 建设 construction 试车 commissioning; running-in 开车 start-up 运行中 on stream 停车 shut-down 大修 over haul 模型 model 部门 department 专业;学科 discipline